Estudio de la viabilidad del aprovechamiento del pericarpio de mangostino (garcinia mangostana) para la obtención de compuestos fenólicos

Laura Maria Reyes Méndez; Eduart Andres Gutierrez Pineda

doi:10.22490/ECBTI.9978

Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)

Published 2025-10-07

license

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Artículos

Feasibility study for using mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) pericarp for obtaining phenolic compounds

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/ECBTI.9978

Dra. Laura María Reyes Méndez Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia

Dr. Eduart Andrés Gutierrez Pineda Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia

Pre-print (Spanish)

Abstract
References

The valorization of agro-industrial residues is a key strategy not only to mitigate their environmental impact but also to obtain biomaterials and bioactive compounds of interest for the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. In this study, the feasibility of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) pericarp as a source of phenolic compounds was evaluated using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Two solvents (ethanol and ethanol/citric acid at pH 2.0, 3.5, and 4.0), two ultrasound frequencies (20 and 40 kHz), an extraction time of 30 minutes, and a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:10 were tested. The highest total phenolic content (63.72 ± 3.43 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry pericarp) was obtained with ethanol/citric acid at pH 3.5 and 20 kHz.

Extract characterization (initially performed on the ethanol/citric acid extract at pH 3.5 and 20 kHz) was carried out using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and UHPLC-UV/Vis for the identification of anthocyanins and other polyphenols. The analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins and flavonols. Comparative quantification of the different extracts is currently underway to assess qualitative and quantitative variations in phenolic content as a function of extraction conditions. The results confirm the potential of mangosteen pericarp as a promising source of phenolic compounds with applications as nutraceuticals and natural colorants in the food industry.

keywords: Biological activity, By-product utilization, biorefinery, active compounds, circular economy

Ahmad Izuren Shah, N. S., Abu Bakar, M. R., Taher, M., Danial, W. H., Adam, F., & Abdul Rahim, S. (2025). Occurrence analysis of alpha-mangostin from different organs of Garcinia mangostana L. Natural Product Research, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2024.2449493

Ahmed, I. A., Zamakshshari, N. H., Mikail, M. A., Bello, I., & Hossain, M. S. (2025). Garcinia flavonoids for healthy aging: Anti-senescence mechanisms and cosmeceutical applications in skin care. Fitoterapia, 180, 106282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106282

Aissat, A. K., Chaher-Bazizi, N., Richard, T., Kilani-Atmani, D., Pedrot, E., Renouf, E., … Valls Fonayet, J. (2022). Analysis of individual anthocyanins, flavanols, flavonols and other polyphenols in Pistacia lentiscus L. fruits during ripening. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104286

Bansod, S. P., Parikh, J. K., & Sarangi, P. K. (2023). Pineapple peel waste valorization for extraction of bio-active compounds and protein: Microwave assisted method and Box Behnken design optimization. Environmental Research, 221, 115237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.115237

Capello, C., Leandro, G. C., Maduro Campos, C. E., Hotza, D., Mattar Carciofi, B. A., & Valencia, G. A. (2019). Adsorption and desorption of eggplant peel anthocyanins on a synthetic layered silicate. Journal of Food Engineering, 262, 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.06.010

Cavanholi, M. G., Wanderley, B. R. da S. M., Bredun, M. A., Louredo, F. J. C., dos Santos, A. C., Costa, A. C. O., … Fritzen-Freire, C. B. (2025). How do pH reduction and the addition of potassium metabisulfite impact colour and the phenolic and anthocyanin profiles in red araçá (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) wine? South African Journal of Botany, 177, 251–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2024.12.005

Chaivisuthangkura, A., Malaikaew, Y., Chaovanalikit, A., Jaratrungtawee, A., Panseeta, P., Ratananukul, P., & Suksamrarn, S. (2009). Prenylated Xanthone Composition of Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen) Fruit Hull. Chromatographia, 69(3–4), 315–318. https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-008-0890-1

de Souza Ribeiro, M. M., Viganó, J., de Novais, N. S., de Souza Mesquita, L. M., Kamikawachi, R. C., Vilegas, W., … Veggi, P. C. (2023). The effect of ultrasound on improving the extraction of tannins from the Stryphnodendron adstringens bark. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 33, 101044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2023.101044

El Gaafary, M., Abdel-Baki, P. M., El-Halawany, A. M., Mohamed, H. M., Duweb, A., Abdallah, H. M., … Syrovets, T. (2024). Prenylated xanthones from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) target oxidative mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 179, 117365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117365

García, M. L., Carrión, M. H., Escobar, S., Rodríguez, A., & Cortina, J. R. (2021). Optimization of the antioxidant capacity of mangosteen peels (Garcinia mangostana L.) extracts: Management of the drying extraction processes. Food Science and Technology International, 27(5), 404–412. https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013220962630

Hammood, N. H., Kadhim, F. A., Al-Gufaili, M. K., Azooz, E. A., & Snigur, D. (2024). A Comparative Review of Solidified Floating Organic Drop Microextraction Methods for Metal Separation: recent Developments, Enhanced co-Factors, Challenges, and Environmental Assessment. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2024.2366939

Hou, M., Zhou, Y., Lin, C., Shi, J., Hou, H., Ma, Y., … Bian, Z. (2025). Green valorization of Chaenomelis Fructus agro-industrial by-products as a source of phenolics: Ultrasound-assisted extraction, adsorptive enrichment and quality control. Food Chemistry, 472, 142908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.142908

Huang, H., Guo, S., Xu, Y., Ettoumi, F., Fang, J., Yan, X., … Cheng, K. (2024). Valorization and protection of anthocyanins from strawberries (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) by acidified natural deep eutectic solvent based on intermolecular interaction. Food Chemistry, 447, 138971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138971

Jain, S., & Mehata, M. S. (2017). Medicinal Plant Leaf Extract and Pure Flavonoid Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Enhanced Antibacterial Property. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15724-8

Liu, Yumian, & Wang, Z. (2024). Intelligent Food Packaging Design Based on Visual Communication and Multimedia Technology. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 48(2), 263–277. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-011X.3179

Liu, Yutong, Tong, Y., Tong, Q., Xu, W., & Wang, Z. (2023). Effects of sunflower pectin on thermal stability of purple sweet potato anthocyanins at different pH. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 253, 126663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126663

Maravić, N., Teslić, N., Nikolić, D., Dimić, I., Šereš, Z., & Pavlić, B. (2022). From agricultural waste to antioxidant-rich extracts: Green techniques in extraction of polyphenols from sugar beet leaves. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 28, 100728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2022.100728

Mareta, D. T., Santoso, U., Supriyadi, & Setyaningsih, W. (2025). Optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction for phenolic and antioxidant analysis in purple senggani (Melastoma malabathricum) flowers: Influence of developmental stages. Food Chemistry Advances, 7, 100949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2025.100949

Netravati, Gomez, S., Pathrose, B., Joseph, M., Shynu, M., & Kuruvila, B. (2024). Comparison of extraction methods on anthocyanin pigment attributes from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit rind as potential food colourant. Food Chemistry Advances, 4, 100559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2023.100559

Pietrangeli, G., Della Posta, S., D’Alessandro, E., Giannitelli, S. M., Trombetta, M., Maggi, C., … Fanali, C. (2025). Sustainable Supramolecular Deep Eutectic Solvents based extraction for bioactive phenolic compounds recovery from olive pomace. Advances in Sample Preparation, 13, 100166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100166

Priya, T. S., Patil, P., Siva, B., Roy, D., Dhote, R., Parashar, D., … Suresh Babu, K. (2025). Novel α-mangostin derivatives as promising antiviral agents: Isolation, synthesis, and evaluation against chikungunya virus. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 284, 117227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.117227

Reyes, L. M., Landgraf, M., & Sobral, P. J. A. (2021). Gelatin-based films activated with red propolis ethanolic extract and essential oils. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 27, 100607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100607

Saini, A., Kumar, A., Panesar, P. S., & Thakur, A. (2022). Potential of deep eutectic solvents in the extraction of value‐added compounds from agro‐industrial by‐products. Applied Food Research, 2(2), 100211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afres.2022.100211

Semangoen, T., Chotigawin, R., Sangnim, T., Chailerd, N., Yodkeeree, S., Pahasup-anan, T., & Huanbutta, K. (2025). Antimicrobial efficacy of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) peel extracts in airborne microbial control within livestock farming environments. Microbial Pathogenesis, 204, 107618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107618

Tatiya-aphiradee, N., Chatuphonprasert, W., & Jarukamjorn, K. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effect of Garcinia mangostana Linn. pericarp extract in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced superficial skin infection in mice. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 111, 705–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.142

Wittenauer, J., Falk, S., Schweiggert-Weisz, U., & Carle, R. (2012). Characterisation and quantification of xanthones from the aril and pericarp of mangosteens (Garcinia mangostana L.) and a mangosteen containing functional beverage by HPLC–DAD–MSn. Food Chemistry, 134(1), 445–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.094

Zhan, N., Song, Z., Yu, L., & Huang, D. (2025). Sustainable agriceuticals: Alkaline solubilization and acid precipitation (ASAP) effectively isolate mangosteen pericarps xanthones with high bioactivity. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 19, 101735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101735

license

How to Cite

Reyes Méndez, L. M., & Gutierrez Pineda, E. A. (2025). Feasibility study for using mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) pericarp for obtaining phenolic compounds. Documentos De Trabajo ECBTI, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.22490/ECBTI.9978

Download Citation

Almétricas