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Cognitive impairments in chronic diseases: interactions between metabolism, body composition, and brain function
Chronic non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are increasingly associated with cognitive dysfunction. Evidence suggests that systemic metabolic and inflammatory factors can negatively impact cognitive processing, even in young populations. This paper analyzes the relationship between metabolic alterations (such as hyperglycemia and insulin resistance) and cognitive decline, as well as the influence of body composition on processing speed and executive attention. Recent findings from NOVA Journal, complemented by Latin American studies, are integrated, pointing to a comprehensive view of brain health in the context of chronic diseases.