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THE EFFECTS OF RESISTANCE TRAINING IN ADULTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Objective. To analyze recent evidence (from 2018 onward) on the effects of resistance training in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), assessing how different modalities and intensities influence muscle hypertrophy, preservation of lean mass, reduction in body fat percentage, and improvement in glycemic control. Methodology. A state-of-the-art review was conducted, integrating studies published since 2018 on resistance training in adults with T2DM, considering parameters such as type of exercise, intensity (particularly between 60% and 80% of 1RM), frequency, and program duration. The review included studies reporting changes in body composition, muscle strength, and metabolic markers such as fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results. The literature shows that structured resistance training programs, especially those performed at intensities between 60% and 80% of 1RM, lead to consistent increases in muscle strength and fat-free mass, along with clinically relevant reductions in fasting glucose and HbA1c. These effects are explained by mechanisms such as greater GLUT-4 translocation, optimization of mitochondrial function, and activation of key molecular pathways for energy balance. Lower-intensity programs or home-based training produce more modest adaptations but represent valuable alternatives for individuals with functional limitations, comorbidities, or adherence difficulties. Conclusion.
The state of the art supports that resistance training is a fundamental intervention in the comprehensive management of T2DM, as it contributes significantly to metabolic health, functional capacity, and quality of life in adults living with this chronic condition. It also highlights the need to tailor strength programs to each person’s capacities and context, making use of both supervised high-intensity modalities and lower-intensity or home-based schemes to promote long-term adherence.
