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Implementation of a genetic improvement program through fixed-time artificial insemination in dual-purpose cows in the municipality of Vélez, Santander
Context: Cattle farming is a key activity in the Colombian economy, with more than 29.5 million head of cattle and significant contributions to rural employment and the agricultural GDP (Colombian Cattle Ranchers Federation [Fedegán], 2025). However, a large portion of the sector operates with low levels of technology adoption, limiting its productivity and competitiveness. In the department of Santander, cattle farming is an important source of income, particularly in dual-purpose systems (Finagro, 2022). Despite its potential, traditional practices predominate, with limited use of reproductive and genetic improvement technologies. In the municipality of Vélez, cattle farming is one of the main rural economic activities. Nevertheless, the low-tech production model restricts herd development, affecting productivity, genetic quality, and sustainability. This situation highlights the need to promote technical strengthening strategies, access to technologies, and innovation to improve efficiency and the well-being of cattle producers.
Knowledge gap: Despite advances in reproductive biotechnology, the adoption of fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) remains low among small-scale local producers due to lack of knowledge and persistent myths about its effectiveness and application.
Purpose: To implement a genetic improvement program based on fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) to evaluate its impact on pregnancy rate and assess its technical applicability in small-scale cattle production systems in the municipality of Vélez, Santander.
Methodology: Fifty cows were selected to undergo a synchronization protocol that included the use of a bovine intravaginal device (DIB) with progesterone, estradiol benzoate (2 mg, IM), D-cloprostenol (150 mg, IM), equine chorionic gonadotropin (450 IU, IM), and estradiol cypionate (1 mg, IM). Insemination was performed 50–52 hours after DIB removal. Pregnancy diagnosis was carried out between days 35 and 45 post-insemination.
Results: A pregnancy rate of 62% was achieved, a value higher than the average reported under similar conditions, indicating a positive impact on herd reproductive efficiency.
Conclusions: The implementation of FTAI in small-scale cattle production systems in Vélez is feasible, cost-effective, and efficient, representing a real alternative to improve herd productivity and genetic progress in the region.
