Modeling the Collection Network for Recyclable Waste (Micro-Routes) Based on the Public Sanitation Service in the Municipality of Sogamoso

This document presents a proposal for modeling and optimizing collection networks for recyclable solid waste in the municipality of Sogamoso, using operations research tools, network theory, and simulation applied to public sanitation service systems. The research focuses on designing efficient micro-routes for waste recovery activities, considering variables such as distances between nodes, container locations, operational capacities, collection frequencies, and guidelines established by Decree 596 of 2016 on comprehensive solid waste management.

The methodology was developed in five stages: diagnosis and data collection, validation of macro-routes, design of micro-routes, network optimization, and delivery of the final model. To this end, tools such as Excel, AutoCAD, BatchGeocode, and Promodel were used, along with algorithms associated with classic network problems, including minimum spanning tree, maximum flow, shortest path, and minimum-cost capacity flow. The study incorporated information provided by the company providing Sogamoso's public sanitation service, as well as satellite mapping and fieldwork with recyclers and local stakeholders.

The results show that optimizing micro-routes reduces operational distances and improves the allocation of physical and human resources dedicated to the collection and transport of solid waste. The simulations conducted show progressive improvements among design proposals and average distance reductions ranging from 13 % to 19 %, generating potential benefits in operational efficiency, environmental sustainability, and costs associated with the waste management service. Likewise, the study highlights the need to strengthen source separation processes, local incentives, and institutional coordination to ensure the viability of waste management systems in urban contexts.

The research provides a technical and methodological tool to support the planning of solid waste recovery networks, integrating mathematical models, simulation, and territorial analysis to strengthen the sustainability and competitiveness of urban public services.